Parma, Italy v1.0
Parma is an italian comune (municipality) of Emilia-Romagna region, located in the Po valley (Pianura padana), best known in the world for Prosciutto di Parma and Parmigiano Reggiano cheese.
Divided in two parts by the homonymous stream, Parma was probably founded by Etruscans, and then became a Roman colony. Important town and capital of a Lombard Duchy, Parma was seat of a pre-irnerian school of law founded before XI century, according to Otto I decree.
Parma was one of the founder of the Lombard League that defeated in 1176 Federico Barbarossa’s army during the battle of Legnano, and achieved municipal autonomy from the Empire in 1183 (Peace of Constance)
During XVI century pope Paolo III (Alessandro Farnese) created the ducato di Parma, placing it under the control of his illegitimate son Pier Luigi.
After being passed under leadership of Borbone family, Napoleon achieved the Duchy in 1801, constituing in 1808 the department of Taro. After defeat of Napoleon, the Restoration reset Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, under Marie Luise of Habsburg. After a new short goverment of Borbone, Parma was annexed to Kingdom of Sardinia in 1859 (armistice of Villafranca), one year and eight months before the proclamation of Kingdom of Italy (17 marzo 1861).
Among the monuments of Parma the most remarkable are the Cathedral, with the famous baptistery by Benedetto Antelami (XIII century), the Governor’s palace, Palazzo della Pilotta, and ducal Garden Palace.
Parma is well known for Renaissance art (Correggio, Parmigianino) and for music: the city gave the birth to the greatest italian composer Giuseppe Verdi (Busseto 1813) and the greatest italian conductor Arturo Toscanini.
The city is the set of The Charterhouse of Parma written by the french novelist Stendhal in 1839.
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